Metodologia para classificação e seleção de peças sobressalentes elegíveis para manufatura aditiva e destinadas a aplicações industriais

Abstract

Additive Manufacturing (AM) refers to the family of manufacturing technologies capable of manufacturing physical products from digital models by adding material, layer by layer. AM is in continuous technological evolution and has been widely used to improve spare parts management (SPM) in companies, by reducing costs, inventory and downtime of these parts. Periodicals have been published, and software have been commercialized, to identify, classify, and select appropriate spare parts (SP) for AM application. However, to achieve this purpose, there are few consolidated methodologies and specific software. Furthermore, existing software has a high acquisition cost, a factor that can make the development of certain projects unfeasible. Therefore, the aim of this work is to develop a methodology for classifying and selecting SP eligible for AM and intended for industrial applications. To prepare it, based on a literature review, the criteria used to identify PS eligible for AM were collected. Subsequently, a systematization was developed to identify and adapt the eligibility criteria according to the needs of each company interested in adopting AM as an alternative to SPM. To achieve that goal, the eligibility criteria were filtered and classified into strategic criteria (SC) and technical engineering criteria (TC). Furthermore, the SCs were grouped according to the companies' most common interests in adopting AM as an alternative to SPM: innovation, supply assurance, cost reduction and parts maintenance. The methodology has defined processes to select decision makers, filter SP, choose and normalize SCs and TCs, in addition to containing a matrix capable of categorizing SP into Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM), conventional manufacturing (CM), CM combined with AM (CM + AM) and AM. To validate the designed tool, five case studies were carried out in two companies from different industrial sectors. To assist case participants in making decisions, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was defined. As a result of applying the methodology, three SP eligible for AM were obtained, two categorized as CM + AM and one on the threshold between AM and CM + AM. After implementing the case studies, those responsible completed a form to assess the degree of satisfaction with the methodology developed, which obtained 98% satisfaction. This methodology and the results of the cases were compared with published methodologies and available software. After analyzing the results obtained and the comparisons made, it was verified that the methodology developed can be considered as a promising analytical tool capable of identifying, classifying and selecting SP eligible for AM intended for industrial applications, contributing to the improvement of SPM.